ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of side branch [SB] occlusion during percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] with stenting of bifurcation lesions and to assess the predictors of side branch occlusion in local population
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, from July 2016 to January 2017
Methodology: A total of 200 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study with non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Variables like diameters and lesion lengths of main vessel and side branch were recorded using quantitative coronary analysis software [QCA]. The SB occlusion was defined as <3 TIMI score following main vessel PCI with stenting. The data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0
Results: Mean age [years] of the study population was 52.27 +/-13.33 including 180 [90.0%] male and 20 [10.0%] female patients. SB occlusion was observed in 15 [7.5%] of cases. Mean SB diameter was significantly larger in cases without SB occlusion than those with SB occlusion [2.06 +/-0.09 vs. 2.17 +/-0.26, p=0.003]. Similarly, SB lesions were significantly shorter in length in those without SB occlusion than those with SB occlusion [3.53 +/-0.51 and 4.66 +/-3.11, p<0.001]. However, mean MV diameter [mm] and mean MV lesions length [mm] in both the groups were statistically not significant
Conclusion: Mean SB diameter and lesion length are useful predictors of SB occlusion during stenting of bifurcation lesions in the local population
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the role of sub anesthetic dose of ketamine when given 5 minutes prior to Propofol injection in alleviating pain of injection during cesarean section surgery
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial
Place and Duration of Study: Department of anesthesia and critical care, Nishtar Hospital Multan, from Aug 2016 to Feb 2017
Material and MethodsA total number of 130 [100 percent] patients were included in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS [v 23.2], mean and SD calculated for continuous data [age, BMI] and in continuous data was presented as frequency and percentages [ASA status, pain of propofol injection]. Effect modification seen by applying chi square test and p-value
Results: A total number of 100 percent [n=130] patients were included in this study, all were females. The main outcome variable of this study was pain of propofol injection. It was observed that, in control group, 87.7 percent [n=57] patients complaints about pain after propofol injection and 12.13 percent [n=8] remain normal. But, in ketamine group only 16.9 percent [n=11] patients complaint about pain of propofol injection and 83.1 percent [n=54] were remained pain free
Conclusion: Administration of ketamine 0.25Ug/kg five minutes before propofol injection is a safe and effective method in preventing propofol injection pain
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of side branch [SB] occlusion during percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] with stenting of bifurcation lesions and to assess the predictors of side branch occlusion in local population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, from July 2016 to January 2017
Methodology: A total of 200 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study with non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Variables like diameters and lesion lengths of main vessel and side branch were recorded using quantitative coronary analysis software [QCA]. The SB occlusion was defined as <3 TIMI score following main vessel PCI with stenting. The data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0
Results: Mean age [years] of the study population was 52.27 +/-13.33 including 180 [90.0%] male and 20 [10.0%] female patients. SB occlusion was observed in 15 [7.5%] of cases. Mean SB diameter was significantly larger in cases without SB occlusion than those with SB occlusion [2.06 +/-0.09 vs. 2.17 +/-0.26, p=0.003]. Similarly, SB lesions were significantly shorter in length in those without SB occlusion than those with SB occlusion [3.53 +/-0.51 and 4.66 +/-3.11, p<0.001]. However, mean MV diameter [mm] and mean MV lesions length [mm] in both the groups were statistically not significant
Conclusion: Mean SB diameter and lesion length are useful predictors of SB occlusion during stenting of bifurcation lesions in the local population
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT A thermophilic bacterium (TP-2) was isolated from the Tatta Pani hot spring in Azad Kashmir and was characterized using phenotypic and genotypic characters. The strain developed cream colored, round, smooth, flat and slimy colonies while the cells were Gram positive rods that ranged in size from about 2.1-3.6 μm to 0.2-0.3 μm in width. Sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA gene showed that isolate TP-2 had 89% homology with Geobacillus debilis. It grew within pH range of 5.5 to 8.5 with optimum growth at pH 7.0. The isolate showed optimum growth at 65ºC and gave positive results for gelatin hydrolysis (GEL), ortho nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranosidase (ONPG), and nitrate production and produced acid from sucrose, glucose and maltose. It utilized glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, xylan, starch, filter paper and carboxymethylcellulose as sole carbon source. Isolate TP-2 produced significant amount of industrially important enzymes i.e. extracellular α-amylase, CMCase, FPase, Xylanase, Protease and Lipase and intracellular CMCase and FPase.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in blood pressure of hypertensive patients having dental extraction under a local anesthetic containing epinephrine
Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Jinnah Medical and Dental College [JMDC[ from January 2015 to April 2015
Materials and Methods: The data was collected from the patients visiting the Oral Surgery OPD of Jinnah Medical and Dental Colleges, Karachi
The study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College to evaluate the changes in blood pressure of patient with a known history of hypertension controlled using medications. All the patients underwent uncomplicated dental extraction
The blood pressure was recorded at three times: before the local anesthesia, 3 minutes post local anesthesia, and 3 minutes post extraction. 2 % Lidocaine with adrenaline l:180,000was used for local anesthesia
Careful administration of anesthesia was ensured to avoid direct injection into the bloodstream. In majority of cases only 2 anesthetic ampules were used [only two patient required 3 ampules]
The data was stored in excel worksheet and was analyzed using SPSS
Results: The total sample size was 122 patients seen in the Oral and maxillofacial surgery department of JMDC
There were 52 females and 70 males. Mean age was 46.17 +/- 13.26 years [range 25-78]. The age was further divided into four groups; Group 1: 25-34, Group 2: 35-44, Group 3: 45-54, Group 4: 55 and above. There was no significant change in diastolic and systolic blood pressure blood pressure at three time points. Paired sample T test was used, the only significant difference was in SBP before [SBP1] and after anesthesia [SBP2] [t= -2.28 p=0.045]. No significant change noticed in the DBP values at DBP1, DBP2 and DBP3. Amongst the age group the significant variation in systolic blood pressure was seen in the age group 3 and 4
Conclusion: This study was conducted to find out the changes in blood pressure of patients with a known history of hypertension controlled using medications. The study showed no significant changes in the observed parameters
ABSTRACT
The main objective of the study to find out the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility [CSR] with Job attitude and behavior that how employee [paramedical and administration] of a hospital take care of their patients. Cross sectional study: This study was carried out in the Global Institute [CFE Campus] Lahore from March 2014 to July 2014. Sampling frame collected from employees and managers who are working in various hospitals of Lahore. Non-probability sampling techniques are used which does not involve random selection. Questionnaire was conducted in the form of closed ended question. Survey was conducted from June. During the survey, overall 204 questionnaires were distributed. Participant responded on the questionnaire on a scale of 1 to 5. The highest value is job behavior [0.763] factor which is 76.3% and it shows that the employee perception of CSR has greater influence by the job behavior factor as compare to the other variables. Mostly employee behavior with their organization is effective and their work with their colleague is done efficiently to guide and help the staff.The ratio of job attitude factor is 5.2% which shows that this factor also influences the employee perception of CSR less than the job behavior factor. Moreover the ratio of job attitude factor is 5.2% which means that job attitude toward organization is not positive. Adjusted R square 0.347 are the dependent variable. Overall whole dependent variable is significant. The R-square of the regression is 35.3% which shows the variation in dependent variable that is predicted by independent variables. The adjusted r-square is 34.7%.This study found that employees CSR perception has effects on employees work outcomes. Employees play an important role in their organizations and their perception of CSR will influence their subsequent work outcomes. The CSR programs would benefit both corporations and their employees. Organizations would also benefit from effectively interacting with their employees on CSR issues
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Perception , Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies , Attitude , Hospitals, Public , Hospitals, PrivateABSTRACT
Human health behavior is presented in many traits. Among them fear is a strong factor that influences not only on health but also procedures and communication with health care provider. The objectives were to explore dental anxiety at various levels in different dental procedures among patients visiting Dental Hospital. A cross sectional survey was conducted on 702 patients visiting general out-patient Departments at Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Dentistry. A structured, standardized and validated questionnaire was used for the purpose of data collection [Modified Dental Anxiety Scale by Corah]. Informed consent was obtained from patients. Extreme anxiety level was found more in younger age and in female patients. Mean score was 13.2 [+ 4.3] which makes participant from slightly to fairly anxious while visiting any dentist for any procedure. According to ranking, extreme anxieties developed from procedures are as follows local anaesthesia is highest, tooth drill, Scaling, waiting area and next day appointment was ranked lowest respectively. It is important for dentist to focus on patient anxiety level particularly in younger and female patients. It also helps to carry out smooth dental treatment
ABSTRACT
Metastasis to the head and neck region from primary is rarest manifestation. Lung and breast carcinomas are the commonest malignancies to metastasize to the head and neck region. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the oral cavity is a rarest presentation and is associated with dismal prognosis. Only few related case reports have been published so far. Her-in we report a case of 55 years old male who underwent radical oesophagectomy for adenocarcinoma of lower oesophagus twelve months back, now presented with hard mass in the right margin of tongue which was suspected as primary tongue carcinoma; subsequently was confirmed as metastatic oesophageal adenocarcinoma following excision. Two months after tongue excision, patient died of progressive metastatic disease
ABSTRACT
Our aim was to evaluate the hypothesis in a randomized clinical trial, whether extra- corporeal lithotripsy [ESWL] causes any blood pressure change, in subjects with different genders having normal blood pressure and kidney lithiasis. A descriptive cross sectional study. This study was carried out at the Department of lithotripsy, Khan Kidney Hospital and King Edward Medical University, Lahore from February 2012 to January 2013. Adult patients [
ABSTRACT
Extended-spectrum beta -lactamase producing K. pneumoniae is a serious threat to the patients. This manuscript shows the comparison of phenotypic characterization methods used for ESBL K. pneumoniae and frequency distribution of these isolates in various clinical samples. Eleven different types of pathological samples collected on various time intervals were analyzed. K. pneumoniae were identified with API 20E system [bioMerieux] and initial screening of ESBL K. pneumoniae was performed using the ceftazidime antimicrobial disc. Double-disc synergy test [DDST] and CLSI confirmatory test were compared for the phenotypic detection of ESBL K. pneumoniae. A total number of 214 ESBL producing K. pneumoniae were isolated from various clinical samples. Frequency distribution of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae was found to be highest among blood 117 [54.7%] and urine 46 [21.5%] samples. Data regarding the use of various interventions among these patients showed most common presence of intravenous line 209 [97.7%] and urinary catheters 46 [21.5%]. Comparison of DDST and CLSI confirmatory test showed that the DDST detected 145 [67.8%] isolates while 213 [99.5%] ESBL K. pneumoniae were characterized by CLSI confirmatory test. The use of CLSI confirmatory test is very efficient in the early detection of ESBL K. pneumoniae especially when the facilities for molecular characterization are not available
Subject(s)
beta-Lactamases/isolation & purification , Phenotype , Clinical Laboratory TechniquesABSTRACT
We present a case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma in a 48 years old Saudi female who reported with slowly progressive right sided extranodal neck mass associated with pulmonary metastasis. Clinical examination, histopathologic features including distinct immunostains combine together to make the rare diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. This entity is often misdiagnosed due to non-consideration in differential diagnosis of sarcoma. It carries a significant potential for regional as well as distant spread and hence categorized as intermediate risk malignancy. Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects and therapeutic options of this unusual case are discussed
ABSTRACT
In Pakistan anecdotal evidence of shoulder, back pain in school children is alarming but no scientific studies have been carried out yet. This study was carried out to find out any association between pain and school bag carriage in students, since almost all school management including public and private in Pakistan putting extra loads on the children in the form of heavy school bags. Children and in the phase of growth and development. So there is continuous endanger of growth and developmental retardation due to growth due to pulling heavy school bags load not only but also some sort of body aches and pains occur. This study was carried at four different schools in Multan. Schools were selected by convenience sampling. Two hundred children between the ages of 11 and 14 years correctly filled out a questionnaire with open ended and closed ended questions. Each child also had his/her body and bag weight measures. In this study, most of the children experienced shoulder and a combination of shoulder and other bodily pain. The majority of the children carried school bags over two shoulders. The type of bag carried was significantly related to pain experienced. A significantly larger number of female students experienced pain. The shoulder and other bodily pain experienced by the students are strongly related to the type of bag and the gender of the children
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students , Schools , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sex Factors , Anthropometry , Stress, Mechanical , Spinal Cord/growth & development , Shoulder Pain/etiologyABSTRACT
Suicide occurs when the present and the future is seen bleak and negative. Suicidal people are preoccupied with their problems, lose perspective and see suicide as an effective solution to their difficulties. "Suicide is not a disease". "Suicide is the act of taking one's own life on purpose. "The man who kills himself is through with life; he has literally died psychologically before he kills his body." Society exists within the minds of the individuals who exist within society, and when individuals interact the idea of society becomes an ever-changing "whole" product of this interaction. This helps relate sociology and psychology, and also gives insight into the cause of suicide which is often termed "tunnel vision". Because people internalize all thoughts, emotions, interpretations of society, etc., and because these forces, external and internal, strongly act upon them, they feel there is no way to escape in a conscious, or even semi-conscious, state
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Family Relations , Socioeconomic Factors , PsychologyABSTRACT
In Pakistan anecdotal evidence of shoulder, back pain in school children is alarming but no scientific studies have been carried out yet. This study was carried out to find out any association between pain and school bag carriage in students, since almost all school management including public and private in Pakistan putting extra loads on the children in the form of heavy school bags. Children are in the phase of growth and development. So there is continuous endanger of growth and developmental retardation due to growth due to pulling heavy school bags load not only but also some sort of body aches and pains occur. To determine the relative working intensity of children walking with different school bag loads. Fifty male children, aged 9-15 years were selected from a primary school of Multan city to carry school bags of 10, 15 and 20% of their body weights, and no load was used as control. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, education proficiency, tiredness of every subject was measured using a continuous incremental protocol. In the load carriage test subjects walked 500 meter [at a school distance]. Based on the results of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, tiredness walking intensity at different load conditions were calculated. Heart rate of subjects were monitored and recorded by electrocardiograph until five minutes after walking. Blood pressure was measured before, immediately, 3 and 5 minutes after every trial. There was a significant difference found on the human working intensity between 10 and 20% body weight load conditions, but not among the 0%, 5% body weight load conditions. Heart rate responses among all load conditions showed similar trends, 60% maximum heart rate was obtained at different load conditions among the subjects. It is concluded that 10% body weight is recommended as the weight of school bags for children